Interagir com outras crianças e adultos é fundamental para o desenvolvimento infantil. São nessas interações que a criança aprende habilidades sociais, como a capacidade de comunicação e a empatia. Por isso, a escola e a família devem estimular a socialização infantil saudável.
Nos primeiros anos de vida, é normal que a criança seja muito apegada aos pais e demonstre resistência a conviver com outras pessoas. Por mais que a família goste desse apego, o pequeno precisa ser estimulado a conviver em grupos. Quer saber como fazer isso? Conheça cinco passos essenciais!
1. Seja exemplo de socialização
Essa dica vale para qualquer aprendizagem. Se você quer que seu filho entenda que ter amigos é algo positivo, é importante que a família viva essa cultura. A socialização da criança fica mais fácil quando ela tem o exemplo dos pais.
Você não precisa esperar seu filho começar na escola para que a socialização infantil aconteça. Invista em hábitos como receber amigos em casa, levá-lo para programas com outros casais com filhos ou inscrevê-lo em aulas infantis. Ler ou contar histórias que falem sobre amizade também é interessante.
2. Incentive o compartilhamento de brinquedos
Para colocar esse passo em prática, é essencial entender que é comum a criança ter dificuldade em compartilhar seus objetos. Nos primeiros anos de vida, o egocentrismo é uma característica muito forte — por isso, é normal que ela não queira dividir. Esse é um aprendizado que ela vai adquirir aos poucos, com a sua intervenção.
Assim, tenha muito cuidado e paciência quando for ensinar. Evite apresentar o compartilhamento como uma obrigação, pois isso aumenta a resistência dela. Em vez disso, incentive com palavras positivas, mostrando como a brincadeira ficará mais divertida com um amigo. Lembre-se de elogiar sempre que a criança aceitar dividir.
3. Proponha brincadeiras que ensinam comportamentos sociais
A brincadeira na infância cumpre muito mais funções do que a simples diversão. Nos primeiros anos de vida, essa é a principal atividade de aprendizagem da criança. Ao brincar, ela se projeta na vida social e avança em seu desenvolvimento. Por isso, brincadeiras são ótimas oportunidades para estimular comportamentos sociais.
Propor jogos de colaboração, por exemplo, ensina muito sobre solidariedade. Brincadeiras em que cada um tem a sua vez dão a oportunidade da criança respeitar o espaço do colega. E jogos como “siga o mestre” também são muito interessantes para incentivar a socialização infantil.
4. Estimule atividades em grupo
Crianças muito pequenas costumam brincar mais tempo sozinhas. Por isso, é importante a intervenção do adulto propondo atividades diferentes. Ao levar seu filho para passear, você pode estimular que ele faça amizade com outras crianças. Também vale a pena receber amiguinhos em casa e ter uma programação de brincadeiras.
Na creche, a professora pode trabalhar a socialização infantil em diversas atividades: levando as crianças para passear pelos espaços externos, brincar juntas no parquinho ou se envolver em uma deliciosa aula de culinária, por exemplo. Estimular competições saudáveis é outra estratégia interessante.
5. Preze pelo bem-estar da criança
Ao trabalhar a socialização infantil, esteja sempre atento aos sentimentos do seu filho. Nunca force comportamentos. Procure também respeitar quando ele não estiver à vontade em uma situação. Entenda, por exemplo, a recusa dele em compartilhar seu brinquedo preferido. Nesse caso, negocie a divisão de outro objeto primeiro.
Além disso, a criança vai ter dificuldade de fazer amizades quando estiver irritada ou com algum desconforto, como cansaço ou fome. Observar seu filho e ouvir o que ele diz é fundamental.
A socialização infantil não é um comportamento natural das crianças. É um hábito que ela vai aprender na interação com os adultos. Por isso, saber como lidar com esse momento vai ajudar você a estimular relações saudáveis e divertidas para seu filho.
Gostou do texto? Já quer marcar um encontro de crianças em casa? Veja aqui algumas atividades para desenvolver a coordenação motora!
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